Camp Bow Wow

Camp Bow Wow The three broad management skills used by Camp Bow Wow managers are conceptual skills, human skills, and technical skill. Both managers at Camp Bow Wow use all three management skills. They both use conceptual skills and try to figure out tough situations that are not manageable and turn it in to manageable and also make sure that their new hires are trained the right way by promoting and mentoring new staff.Both of managers also use human skills. The managers make sure they motivate their employees. Sue the owner of the camp expectations are that her customers are happy with everything they did and want them to know that they have done everything to make their customer happy with their. Both managers try to make sure that the customers are happy and also that do everything to make the dogs safe and happy as well.Sue the owner has her camp counselor’s do a bit of everything at Camp Bow Wow. She makes sure the counselors can balance the dogs, answering phones, book ing reservations and working the front desk properly. To keep Camp Bow wow efficiently the counselors and the managers make sure keep and follow a daily schedule plane for the dogs. This includes activities like grooming, outdoor exercise, food, baths, and medical support.The managers try to make sure to balance customer service as effective and efficient, by trying to satisfy their customers with their service and also try to get the job done without any grey spots, because it’s important to the counselors and managers that their customers know that the counselors care about their dogs. The counselors and the managers do not want their customers to think that they only care about their efficient at Camp Bow Wow.They want them to feel that it’s more than that and want the customers to come back in the future. Two activities that leaders at Camp Bow Wow perform daily are making sure that the Pooches get a lot of personal attention, they both managers make sure that the dogs are groomed right, that they get their outdoor exercise and also get the medical support they need. This is very important to them because they want their customers to be satisfied and that they care about the dogs and also come back in the future for more service.

Pornography on the internet and its effects to children Essay

Children are to be considered as the hope of the tomorrow. They are the one who make our world beautiful and meaningful because of their innocence and simplicity. But are these facts still true nowadays? Or will it be just a â€Å"dream† for us now? Children’s characters, personalities and their totality as individual first develop and mold inside the home where parents are oblige and responsible to teach their children the good values and morals. But the irony for this issue is that, parents tend to forget their responsibilities as parents in supervising their kids, due to their hectic schedules and demands of their work, especially in the time when children open their computers connected with internet. They are exposed to different kinds of indecent advertisements and commercials most especially pornography. Computer connected with internet is a very powerful tool to the learning of the children and it can educate them in many ways whether it is profitable or destructive to their morals and values. It contributes much most especially when parents let their children watch indecent (pornography) websites anytime of the day without their supervision. Websites on the internet with pornography demoralize the innocence of these children and may be encouraged to try on these filthy things. The use of sexual attraction in the internet as a tool of persuasion by drawing attention, interest to a particular product for the purpose of promotion and increase in sales had been a part of marketing and advertising industry for quite some time. The method generally uses attractive models, usually in a suggestive or provocative scene. The past two decades have witnessed an increasing use of explicit sexual appeal in consumer-oriented on-line advertising and particularly of women as the object of sexual desire that it has reached to the point of being common. The use of sex in advertising (a form of pornography) on the internet can range from being highly overt to extremely subtle; from explicit displays of sexual acts or nudity, down to the use of basic cosmetic products to enhance attractiveness. The more subtle forms of this spectrum have seeped into other types of media. This means that children are prone to adapt thwarted values and morals which will affect sooner to their development as individuals and contribute in the later part of their lives. Being computer (internet) addict is more treacherous and hazardous than taking a drug because it disseminates violence, spoils people’s intellects, and ruins not only the individual but as well as our nation and culture. In conclusion, it is a fact that internet is a great help and make our works easy and faster however, we cannot deny the fact too that children are great imitators and that is one of their natures. They really follow and imitate what they have seen and observed from other people especially when they realize that these people involve manifests excitement in doing such acts. Internet’s advertisements already content indecent acts such as violence, sensual actions or sex in short pornography has great impact to the minds of the younger generations. These kinds of entertainments will create curiosity and puzzlements to their young minds that will push them to try it by themselves. Pornographic websites really put an effort to convey their audiences-whether young or old-whom the actions perform on net, believe that those actions are worth emulating for and because of these, children are motivated to imitate it. This is a very important issue for me because I believe that children are the next generation that will lead our country and if their values are distorted while they are young, what will happen to our nation for the coming years?

Private and Public School in Pakistan Essay

Schooling from the very beginning is the first priority of every parent. Private schools in Pakistan have increased their number in no time, because the parents have completely inclined themselves towards the private schooling. Numerous reasons are there, but the few prominent ones are the quality of education and security. It is obvious that when a teacher is teaching a class of ten to twenty students, they can easily give time to each and every individual; this is what every parent is looking for. Second most importantly is the issue of security, as Pakistan nowadays is having terrorism allegations, and we have been a victim of terrorist activities since a very long time. So parents do have an issue with the security. Private schools take It as an advantage and provide more security guarantee as compared to public so they easily attract parents. I have personally seen guards and ayas taking care of children during recess and the time they leave for their rides. This is thing which every parent is looking for, that their child is in secure hands. On the other hand private schools assure healthy, neat and clean environment, which again forces the parents to incline towards them. My team paid visits to the some of the well reputed private schools and we witnessed the hygiene there and other stuff well managed. Every parent has a wish to groom their child in such a way that, when they grow up they make them proud in front of everyone. Private schools, with the help of their environment and teaching standards fulfill this dream of parents very effectively. Because of this parents don’t even hesitate paying expensive fee to the private schools, as they feel satisfied that they will have a fruit as yummy as they want. Government schools are present in abundance in our country. We see it as positive aspect that we have this much schools but don’t feel that we are lowering down the quality of education all by our self. Public schools lack quality education because the teachers their have to manage a class of more than fifty, which is already a mess. Adding on to that they have their job security with them so they are least bothered about the future of a child. This large chunk of students enrolled cause the student teacher interaction to lower down and thus they fail to produce good quality education. The teachers in public schools are least bothered about personal grooming of a child, again because of the job security given by the government. Moreover the class environment is not healthy at all. Visits by our team witnessed that there is no such thing as learning in a public school. The class environment, behavior of the teacher, students. Each and every thing was a mess. Some of the class rooms were having furniture issues. The class rooms were dark and not airy at all, which leaves a bad impact on a student for life. The security there was near to zero. The cafeteria was unbelievably murky. Nothing there in a public school was appropriate. So why parents would opt for a public school when they have a better choice. Only because they are cost effective. The fee there is almost nothing in front of that of a private school.

Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster - Essay Example Tears not because of the tragedy itself, but the event resonates far into the deep recesses of what we know is true in every one of us. We all dream. We then work to bring forth the dream into reality, into actuality. And something goes wrong and how with the vision, the exhilaration of the dream - in contrast with how tragic our efforts become, we realize how fragile we are. For in itself, the dream, the challenge is made of sterner stuff. It' s as if reaching towards the dream is something that is beyond our control - for if it isn't, we would all stop telling fairly tales to children, knowing that in reality, it's not always a happy ending. (NASA) and of Morton Thiokol, the company which produced rocket motors of space shuttles (Greene p. 1; Berkes par. 6) fought for. The engineers supposedly voiced opposition to launching Challenger into orbit that fateful day. Challenger's launch of its 10th mission was already delayed for days by the cold weather and NASA's management was eager to launch despite concerns by engineers to delay take-off because the O-ring sealants (like washers in a faucet) in the rockets were not tested for complete reliability most especially during cold weather. Despite their opposition, the NASA management proceeded with the take-off and what the engineers feared came to pass. Hot gases from Challenger's right-side rocket leaked through the faulty O-ring and led to the explosion of the spacecraft. Like the mythical Icaru... No matter what their real personal lives might have been - we look at them like icons, the chosen ones to at the juncture of history. And looking at a picture of them smiling, with their blue astronaut suits, and holding their space headgear - we think of how the human race have stretched democracy into space. We are gladdened that of the seven, two were women - one of them a non-specialist, one an African-American and one an American of Japanese descent. These seven on board Shuttle Mission 51L, the tenth of Challenger's orbit into space was to do something probably routine for astronauts -which was to carry some equipment like satellite and cameras to observe something so ordinary as Halley's comet (Greene p. 1). What was extraordinary and made it special was that it was the first time a teacher was going into space and she was to be there especially to teach the first outer-space classroom lesson. Sharon Christa McAuliffe, 37 at that time, was chosen from the ranks of 11,000 teachers across the country to fly on Challenger. Her often quoted line from her Challenger Disaster astronaut application form was "I watched the Space Age being born and I would like to participate" (NASA website).1 The commander of the crew was Francis Scobee, 47 who enlisted in the U.S. Air Force and originally trained as an engine mechanic but longed to fly (NASA website). He pursued his dream and managed to fly 45 types of aircraft. As a NASA astronaut, he was part of the crew of the fifth Challenger obit flight who managed to retrieve and repair a satellite in orbit, the Solar Maximum Satellite. For Michael J. Smith, 41, the 10th Challenger mission where he was space shuttle pilot was his first flight into space. A member of the U.S.

The Business Case for Diversity Literature Review

The Business Case for Diversity - Literature review Example The different theories and approaches of diversity management have been developed to understand the concept of business diversity in a better manner. These theories and approaches have been widely appreciated and supported by academics, managers and diversity consultants. Business Diversity Defined The business case for diversity management can be better understood if it is divided in three sections (Nicholas, Sammartino & Lau, 2007): 1. The HRM Business Case for Diversity Management According to the HRM business case of diversity management, unmanaged diverse human resource only results in increasing the business costs by reducing the job satisfaction, increasing turnover and absenteeism rate and creating conflicts in team members. The sound management of diverse human resource results in creating a competitive edge for the organization. 2. The Knowledge Case for Diversity Management The knowledge case for diversity management basically takes in to account the system of information and knowledge flow. It finds ways and strategies to facilitate knowledge creation and transmission. 3. The International Business Case for Diversity Management This business case works to determine how to exploit cross cultural capabilities in favor of the organization and business success. This business case illustrates that effective management of diversity has the potential to result in positive international orientation of a firm by strengthening international networks and improving mutual business decision making. Initially the diversity management was regarded as a tool to legally safeguard an organization that it is complying with the legal requirements of equality and not discriminating against any class (Ongori & Evans, 2007). However the recent years have seen a change in the perception of diversity by managers and recruitment agencies. It has evolved to become a more proactive concept with significant bottom line advantages. Many corporation and organization are making a point to make sure that their workforce is well diversified to facilitate unique, innovative and creative ideas for problem solving which translate in better overall performance of the organization (Allen et al., 2004). A case study of Botswana emphasized the need of business diversity. The society of Botswana is multicultural with a large number of immigrants coming from all across the world. It means that the organizations operating in Botswana does not have choice but to be work force diversified. Their competitiveness, level of innovations, profits and business success are all dependent on how well it manages its diverse workforce both within and across the organizational boundaries (Barker and Hartel, 2004). The issue of business diversity is gaining more interest of the researchers and politics because of the slow shifting of trend of economies from manufacturing to services. There is a greater need in the services market to communicate and network with different organization and people which have further emphasized the need of today to manage business diversity well (Wentling and Palma-Rivas, 2000). Advantages of Business Case of Diversity The business case for diversity works to provide a competitive edge for any organization (Karsten, 2006). The question that might be raised now is

Respons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Respons - Essay Example The nationalization of the Egyptian cinema industry also played a role in destroying creativity, amongst producers. This in turn, led to the decline of the Egyptian Cinema (Hammond, 122). In Lebanon, its 15 year civil war played a role in the decline of the cinema industry, while the war between Iraq and Iran in the 1980s, hampered the growth of cinema in these two countries. Viola Shafik argues that the traditional Islamic principles of representation are rarely applied or used in the Arab Cinema (54). Examples of these representations include non-spatial paintings of structures, ornamental rhythms of arabesque, etc. Shafik (62) further argues that almost all film makers, in the Arab world are using classic rules of Western art, to make their films. Shafik further denotes that the 20th century saw an increase in the use of a three-dimensional realistic art, and the use of new ideas that govern film production. This was able to promote artists as geniuses, undermining the traditional crafts and arts that were influenced by Islam. Shafik also denotes that Arab cinema has given women an important role in the film industry, and this is in line with the principles of Islam, which identify women as important pillars of the society (Shafik, 78). Hammond on the other hand argues that Islam has had a major contribution on film industry in the Arab world. This is because movies are censured, and any film that depicts Prophet Mohammed in a bad away is censured. Furthermore, all films produced in the Arab world, have to conform to the principles of Islam. This is one area where Viola Shafik and Andrew Hammond agreed upon. Any film that criticizes the personality of Prophet Mohammed is censored. Viola Shafik asserts that the use of symbolism in Arab art is not common. However, in the cinema, Symbolism has greatly been used, for purposes of identifying a hidden meaning, or representing an idea or a group of

U.S and Iran Negotiations Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

U.S and Iran Negotiations - Coursework Example The power bases include: The framework agreement comprised a milestone in negotiations that began like 12 years ago. It created parameters for more than 3 months of negotiations over technical advances and unresolved matters. In Washington, Mr. Obama strongly defended the agreement with Iran as a rare lifetime opportunity to end the spread of dangerous nuclear weapons. He used his excellent communication power base to reassure his critics that he would keep all options available if at all Iran cheated ultimately (Alanazi, & Arnoldo, 2003). Over a period, Iran has been subjected to various pressures and sanctions especially from the US. Under the Obama administration, the sanctions have become more international and far-reaching hence leading to sanctions on the sale of oil by Iran and international access to financial markets. Nonetheless, Obama used to assure Iran that all these sanctions that continued to batter its economy would be lifted in phases if the deal to end the production of nuclear weapons was signed (Castillo et al, 2015) After negotiating the nuclear deal with Iran, President Obama faces two more steps to make it realistic. One is using his power as the US president to make the outline of the deal and its finality. The other step is ensuring that the congress does not interfere on the way. Since the beginning of the negotiations, the Congress has tried to block the deal but president Obama has used his authoritarian powers to prevent the Congress from blocking the deal. Most of the Republicans and some Democrats are skeptical about the recent agreement but in his speech, President Obama dared them to block the deal (Carson et al, 1995). Influence can refer to the force that a person exerts on someone else to induce a certain change on the targeted person. Barrack Obama, the president of USA used the following influence tactics to force out the deal. In this tactic, the leader just issues and instructs

Answers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Answers - Essay Example Hot rolling is a metal processing process that occurs above the material’s recrystallization temperature. It uses large pieces of metals in the process, such as slabs. On the other hand, cold rolling entails metal processing below the material’s recrystallization temperatures. It involves passing small pieces of metals through rollers. Hardwood has straighter and cleaner grain patterns. They possess higher density and are more fire resistant compared to softwoods. Hardwood is more applicable for engineering works, making of floors and high-quality furniture. They also have slower growth rates. Softwoods have a lower density and relatively cheap to in terms of cost. Softwoods have reduced fire resistance capacity. The woods also possess rugged grain patterns. Soft woods use is limited to low-quality furniture and is not preferred for engineering works (Bawa, 2009). By definition, OSB is a material of high mechanical properties, such that it becomes particularly suitable for use in heavy load-bearing applications especially in construction works and industries. On the other hand, MDF is a wood product that is engineered by breaking down softwood or hardwood residuals to make wood fibers. The process often takes place in a defibrator, where it gets combined with resin and binder. The product has a higher density than plywood. Stress is pressure or tension exerted on a material object. Strain is a force that tends to pull or stretch an object to an extreme degree, usually, damaging levels. By definition, elastic modulus is the ratio of force exerted on an object to the resultant deformation it undergoes. Plastic deformation is a process whereby force is exerted to a metal or plastic object to change its shape permanently. For the yield strength, it is a stress point where it is possible to produce a given particular plastic deformation amount. Toughness is the actual ability of any material to absorb energy without fracturing

HISTORY OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

HISTORY OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION - Essay Example In the seventeenth century, England witnessed some modifications in the unfree labour where unfree labour was measured as a universal legal shape of consensual manual labour. Labour agreements were restricted by various punishments in the English law which if violated were followed by imprisonment. Masters held the right to imprison their workers until they were willing to complete the service contract (indentured servitude) or return to their employers for the time period they had agreed upon (slavery). These agreements initiated the major disparities between indentured servitude and slavery on the basis of two things: contractual agreement and time period (Murrin, 121). It was the English law that was imitated by the early American colonies and applied restrictions on departure not only to servants and apprentices but also to labourers and artificers. In the seventeenth century, English and American law acknowledged the significance of unfree labour and declared free labour as a self conscious set of legal and social practices, therefore the concept of unfree labour was alleviated. Critics claim the English law to be responsible for initiating unfree labour since it embedded concepts about liberty, labour, religious church teachings, gender specificity and observations of other European New World colonies, into the New World. Authors believe that Europe followed the roots of enslavement of Africans for practical reasons, and adapt the initial origins of slavery in Europe (Miller, 99). However, it was the abolishment of slavery in 1833 in the British commonwealth that stands out as a truly stunning change (Murrin, 98). The Slavery Abolition Act 1833 transformed Britain and its colonies. It laid the groundwork for human rights and human dignity. People could no longer be treated as property. It could be said that this act also tolled the death knell for the British Empire. It was impossible to keep unchained

Hypnosis A personlised induction to hynosis will always be more Essay

Hypnosis A personlised induction to hynosis will always be more effective. ''Discuss'' - Essay Example Emotion should never be avoided because it will work on the individual's sub-conscience. The commands should be stressed and emotionally underlined and according to therapists, slight overacting works very well. Conceptual negatives are comprised with words like no, not, never, which are, traditionally not used it hypnosis scripts, can be used in personalised scripts in a very suggestive and forceful way, without conveying a negative meaning. "There is no need for you hesitate; you will find the entire experience exhilarating!" Four sense test increases the power of the suggestion by lengthening it. This only means decorating the expectations of the hypnotised person, by glorifying it. By creating a sensational visualisation, with powerful and persuasive approach the theorist can improve the impact tremendously. According to recent researches, hypnosis has the power to change the functioning of the brain, by using functional brain imaging, according to John Gruzlier. (http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn6385-hypnosis-really-changes-your-mind.html ) It has always been known that mind works differently while in hypnotised state and this proves the compliance theory wrong.

Motivation of Psychology Graduate Essay Example for Free

Motivation of Psychology Graduate Essay The researchers aim to determine the coping strategies and level of motivation of selected Psychology graduates with regards to their personal problems in District One Laguna. Specifically, the researchers seek to establish answer to the following questions. 1. What is the level of motivation of the psychology graduates with regards to their personal problems? 2. What are the coping strategies employed by the psychology graduates with regards to their personal problems? 3. Is there a significant relationship between the coping strategies and level of motivation of selected Psychology graduates with regards to their personal problems? 4. What are the factors affecting the level of motivation of selected Psychology graduates in district one Laguna? 5. How do the Psychology graduates employ their major academic subjects they studied in dealing with their personal problems? 6. Is their course Psychology helpful to keep their selves motivated? 7. Do Psychology graduates have an advantage in terms of coping stressful life events? 8. Do Psychology graduates still implement what they have studied after graduating? 9. What is the major difficulty that they have encountered in their personal lives?

Cultural Anthropology Essay Example for Free

Cultural Anthropology Essay I have read and understand the section in the syllabus (page 6) relating to IWU’s Honesty/Cheating Policy. By affixing this statement to the title page of my homework submission, I am certifying that I have not cheated or plagiarized in the process of completing this assignment. If it is found that cheating and/or plagiarism did take place in the writing of this paper I understand the possible consequences of the act which could include expulsion from Indiana Wesleyan University. The results of any form of bullying is troubling, the effects on victims and those family members in some cases lead to catastrophic outcomes or a change in which a victim conducts his or her life. In any case, to change the way you live or stop participating in your favorite activities because of who is waiting for you down the street or in school is the best way to fuel and promote the negative behavior of any bully. All bullies feed off of one factor, fear. If they know they control your lifestyle and places fear or shame in your heart then they have accomplishes just what they have been trying to do, control you. What is cyber bullying? Cyber bullying is a new form of aggressions sought out by those individuals looking to embarrass or harm the victim across the World Wide Web by use of social networks, blogs, email, and other devises use for internet reading and sharing. The outcome of this form of bullying is the same as physical bullying, both with their share of outcomes with negative impact. The anthropology process of this study comprised of various groups of young adult grouped by age, gender and sexuality. The number of participants was 20,000 students from the second wave of the Metro West Adolescent Health Survey. This survey is important because it address one of the main areas concerning all parents of victim child suicide. Here are some facts â€Å"15. 8% of students reported cyber bullying, and 25. 9% reported school bullying in the past 12 months. The overlap between cyber bullying and school bullying was substantial: 59. 7% of cyber bullying victims were also school bullying victims, and 36. 3% of school bullying victims was also cyber bullying victims. Non-heterosexually identified youths were far more likely than were heterosexually identified youths†. What is most alarming with these facts are the following. 37. 8% of victims of either cyber or school bully committed self-injury to themselves, 15. 2% had suicide attempts, 30% had thoughts of suicide while 6. 6% suffer an attempt of suicide with medical treatment. It appears that once a child become victim of bullying he/she fails to speak to adults, thus leading to the child feelings of despair that could trigger an emotional psychological breakdown. It becomes increasingly important for parents to play a strong role in their child’s life. We have to become aware of the surroundings that our children choose to associate as hobbies, friends and media networking. Also communication is a strong asset, share with them that it is ok to tell an adult if they are bullied or threaten in any manner. Sexual orientation plays a role in traditional and cyber bullying as well. It statics show that if a child lives a homosexual lifestyle or is bisexual they have a higher risk at becoming victims to both cyber and traditional bullying. The thoughts of suicide also are a bit higher within this lifestyle. Regardless of the ethnicity the numbers are staggering. The authors in this article have several main points that they want to stress, the first of many is to bring about awareness to this world-wide epidemic of bulling that’s taking the lives of our youth. Secondly, to focus on which age groups are mostly the centers of attacks. Thirdly, to find a solution to combat the practices of bullying in our schools and neighborhoods, their intentions are to educate the general public. They wanted to depict differences between cyber bullying and its relationship to school bullying. Understanding the differences between the two could help facilitate and developed a school prevention systems that could aid those that are victimize of this despicable act of behavior. When taking a look at the length of investigative approaches performed by the authors that conduct this study, it obvious to learn of the great effort put forth to gather such information. In the field of anthropology all cultural anthropologists rely on one scientific method for gathering information while studying cultural, fieldwork. Field work is the characteristic of all the anthropological sub disciplines and is a main source for gathering information that deal with different cultures and ethnicities. To have hands on approach and the study of any giving topic the foundationally foot work starts with an investigative approach in all subject matter, ultimately ending with a solid conclusion that is not just opinionated but scientific truth. In conclusion, the authors of the article try to identify a world-wide epidemic that is affecting our children’s social stability and academic performance. By researching the effects of bullying (rather cyber or school-yard) it allows parents to absorb the harsh realities of what their child could endure as an adolescent under extreme pressure. Children of all ages are taking their own lives as a result of being out-casted by peers of the same group, neighborhood, age, sex, and ethnicity. The real question is why? How far does a child have to be push before his/her mind is made up to commit suicide? We as parents need to beware and actively involved with all social activities and friends that our children consider part of their lives.

Social Inclusion Via Social Skills Training Nursing Essay

Social Inclusion Via Social Skills Training Nursing Essay My patient was 59 year old lady suffering from schizophrenia since 25 years. According to patient she had a happy married life in London, her husband died and she was brought to Pakistan due to her abnormal behavior and her son was also separated from her. Medical file reveals that after her husbands death she had behavioral changes for which she was consulted to psychiatrist and diagnosed with schizophrenia. She was forcefully brought to Karwan-e-Hayat 3 years back due to violent behavior. Since then she is there, presently she is experiencing social isolation as she stayed in her room most of the time, refuses to participate is day care activities and verbalizes that I like to be alone, dont want to meet anyone I have nobody to share my feelings, people here cant help me, everybody think I am mad. I observed her hesitation with people around her weather they are patients, staff or doctors. However one typical observation was that when I forced her to participate in activity she ref uses twice but third time she participated by silently doing the task and went quietly. I noticed that she was facing difficulty in understanding but she didnt ask for any clarification and continued. Reflecting upon the scenario I was motivated to work on something that can help to manage her social isolation. Reviewing through literature I came across concept of social inclusion of patient via social skills training in patient with Schizophrenia. As we know that human is social animal and social interactions are crucial for regulating a successful functioning in the society. According to Mental Health Coordinating Council, MHCC (2007) .Social inclusion is about ability to engage in all aspects of a society that genuinely includes people living with mental illness that supports, intervenes without stigmatization. Further Ware, N.C et.al. (2008) Define it a process through which individuals with psychiatric disabilities develop an increasingly exercise capacities for interpersonal connectedness and citizenship. Social inclusion is essential in schizophrenia as due to cognitive deficits individual social and vocational abilities and hinders routine functionality of a person and make person uncomfortable in social situation. (Dickinson, D.et al.2007). To promote social inclusion in patient I choose social skills training (SST) as it is utilized as a tool to engage patient in routine life and feel as a part of society. SST consists of learning activities utilizing behavioral techniques that enable persons with schizophrenia and other disabling mental disorders to acquire interpersonal and independent living skills for improved functioning in their communities. (Kopelowicz, A. et al, 2006). Reason for selecting it for my patient is that her cognitive deficits have lead to social isolation that makes her uncomfortable in social situations. I have observed her uncomfort while talking with others, hesitating in marinating eye contact and also unable to share her emotions so SST will sever as a basic step in promoting socialization and also help her to feel confident. In Pakistan vast numbers of people are suffering from mild to moderate psychiatric illnesses and an estimated number of mentally disturbed people in Pakistan are even higher (Punjab Institute of Mental Health, PIMH 2009). Only few researches have been conducted on this issue due to low research priority, negative perception about mental illness and low priority of mental health training in the country. One of the study done on psychologists experience of cognitive behavior therapy in Pakistan suggests that despite significant number of psychologists in Pakistan yet psychological interventions play only a minor role in treatment plans in Pakistan. In addition psychotherapies need adjustments for use in Pakistan; they shared four major issues that are hurdles in therapy, its related issues, involvement of the family and modification in therapy service and resource issues. (Naeem et al.2010).However Department of Health Promotion Punjab(2009) is primarily concern to initiate appropriate mental health promotion strategies. They have developed manual to be used for the capacity building of health care providers thus bridging a gap between health care delivery system. They have integrated provision of supportive environment and development of personal skills in component of mental health promotion. They have also planned to facilitate social settings which enhance social network for mentally ill patients. Furthermore their approach towards mental health promotion represents social inclusion, participation, strengthening individuals, communities society to increase social support for sufferers. One of their goals is to encourage people with mental disorders to participate in normal life with their families and friends once treated and stable ,they also provide specialized training to doctors in the field of psychiatry especially for counseling and rehabilitation techniques as this is a weak element in our context .(PIMH 2009).Fortunately it seems that Pakistan has in itiated a step towards mental health promotion which is an achievement and its our responsibility to take this step ahead toward accomplishing goals. Social inclusion is necessary for mental health promotion and for the recovery from mental illness. A social connection is the key for including person in society which includes engaging person with its environment. In relation to my patient as she is an elderly woman, along with her disease process there are other factors that have contributed to social isolation for example: her early widowhood, separation from son due to her psychiatric illness, suspiciousness towards her family members all has lost her social role in her family. (CITRA 2007).Many studies have concluded that social inclusion in older people serve as a protective factor to overcome social isolation. These factors are defined as connection with friends, family members; neighbors children and community (Warburton.J, Lui.C.W.2007). Research done on preventing social isolation among older people suggests that and social activity and group interventions can alleviate social isolation among older people. Researchers agre e that a meaningful social network is a strong support against social isolation in later life. (Cattan.M, et al,2005).For my patient family support is difficult to establish as her son is abroad and she is suspicious to others due to her disease process, presently her community participation can be enhanced for her social inclusion. Here comes the role of SST, In my patient learning social skills will help her to achieve her own personal goals and enhance her communication of feelings and needs and improve the quality her relationships with others which she think is not good. An effective SST program is based on certain principles that include guidance, demonstration, practice and feedback. The amount of time needed to complete a SST program depends on patients performance (Stuart,G.W. 2009).Recent advance in SST by A. Kopelowicz et al. (2006) highlighted that in over 2000 patients with schizophrenia, there was a considerable association between characteristic that reflected social competence, good psychosocial functioning and having confidants as well as subjective reports of high levels of life satisfaction. Moreover research by Dickinson, D.et al. (2007) supports that competent use of social skills by people with schizophrenia is extensively related to actual role functioning in the community. In fact patient s with good social skills, as measured by the MASC (Maryland Assessment of Social Competence.), were more likely than others to have been competitively in employment. Which means that patients can prove themselves if they are well treated on time. According to A. Kopelowicz et al.(2006) The components of the SST procedure are derived from basic principles of human learning, I incorporated social learning theory(Bandura,1989) in relation to my patient scenario, as according to social learning theorist internal cognitive processes influence behavior ,as well as observation of the behaviors of others and the environment in which behavior occur Similarly it outlines three requirements for people to learn behavior include retention, reproduction and motivation to adopt the behavior. All these interactions help person to modify their behavior. (Smith, E. E, et al,2003).Considering my patient, this learning model will help her in learning and modifying her behavior in front of others and m ake her feel comfortable and confident to react in a particular situation. Ultimately this will boost her interaction with others comfortably and her antisocial behavior will be changed. Strategies to promote social inclusion via SST are multidimensional. It varies from individual to group, community and institutional level. At individual level interventions focuses pertinent needs of an individual, successful individual interventions progress to group therapy. At community level, psychological needs of the person should be recognized in adopting social skills by engaging family and creating supportive environment for patient in surroundings. According to A. Kopelowicz et al. (2006) the community-based interactions help them adjust their behaviors to their unique environments and practice and implement the skills that they have tailored. At government or institutional level, awareness session should be held for the provision of knowledge to people and should train personnel, to implement SST as a health promoting practice, for psychiatric patient to promote social inclusion and participation by them, in this way mental illness will not be stigmatized and together we can help theses patient. (MHCC 2007). I have incorporated Learning-Based Procedures Used in Social Skills Training (A. Kopelowicz et al.2006) within the nursing process which involve interventions from all levels. It focuses on needs identification, which was done thorough assessing patient by taking history, doing mental status examination followed by building trust relationship. Specific to socialization I asked patient to share her expectation from self and what changes would she like to make in her routine life? In which she highlighted that I want to be accepted by people. Then setting goals with specification of the social behavior was done by involving patient where patient would be able to participate in social gatherings on her willingness. It was accomplished to certain extend due to her short attention span. Planning was followed by interventions that includes helping her in promoting relationships wherever she can, taught her to begin and maintain conversation; by motivating her in initiating , help her to have voluntary interactions with others especially with her roommate and neighboring people by involving her in activity with others and take part in group. For this behavioral rehearsal approach was taken in which patient demonstrated skills that are needed for quality social interaction. In addition ongoing corrective feedback was given to modify the behavior like she was encouraged to sit throughout the session with other patients. Social modeling was done by observing behavior during OT activities and accordingly modified with the patient. Additionally positive reinforcement was given on improved social behaviors. Implementation process was integrated with social learning theory by considering patient ability to retain and focus on her attention span. I intervene gradually by monitoring patient ability to grab things, and by reinforcing positive behavior of patient. Reproducibility was assured and motivation was given on and off. Moreover, I first time saw patient laughing and involved with others during OT activity and her expression of I am enjoying this activity made me glad. Evaluation was based on asking question regarding her feelings of modified behaviors, Observed her ease in OT activities, able to express herself and less hesitated and maintain eye contact while talking.(A. Kopelowicz et al.2006) I always had a negative feeling towards mentally ill patient, while working with my patient I felt blessed because I was able to see her suffering. It was my prejudice that every person is capable to interact with others in the world with social skills and able to communicate in society .I had this understanding that mentally ill patient usually like to be socially isolated because they have their own world and will not be able to adjust themselves but now I understand that there are so many reasons to it. In fact before reading about SST I didnt know that it has profound benefit in promotion of mental health. This writing helped me to correct my attitude towards mental illness and enrich me with knowledge and importance of social inclusion in patients life. To summarize socialization is a lifetime process and it has great value in every aspects of life. Promoting social inclusion by helping patient to learn social skills will offer support, built confidence , enhance self-esteem in patients which eventually improve the quality of life, promote recovery and leads to successful functioning of individuals in society. As concluded by MHCC (2007) the social inclusion approach offers a valuable frame work to view both the individual and collective responsibility for good mental health. References: Cattan.M, White.M, Bond.J Learmouth.A (2005). Preventing social isolation and loneliness among older people: a systematic review of health promotion interventions. Ageing Society 25 pp 41-67. Cambridge University Press Cornell Institute for Translational Research on Aging (CITRA). (2007) Social Isolation: Strategies for Connecting and Engaging Older People. Dickinson.D,Bellack.A.S Gold,J.M.(2007).Social/Communication Skills, Cognition, and Vocational Functioning in Schizophrenia: Schizophrenia Bulletin 33( 5). Kopelowicz, A; Liberman,R. P; Zarate, R. (2006). Recent Advances in Social Skills Training for Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia Bulletin, 32(1), S12-S23. Merton,R Bateman,J, (2007). Social Inclusion: Its Importance to mental health. Mental Health Coordinating Council (MHCC). Naeem,F; Gobbi,M; Ayub,M; Kingdon,D.(2010).Psychologists experience of cognitive behavior therapy in a developing country: a qualitative study from Pakistan. International Journal of Mental Health Systems.4 (2) Norma C. Ware,N.C;Hopper,K; Tugenberg,T;Dickey,B; Fisher,D. (2008).A Theory of Social Integration as Quality of Life. Psychiatric Services (59) pp 27-33 Rana, N.A. (2009).Mental Health in Primary Care. Punjab Institute of Mental Health. (PIMH). Smith, E. E; Hoeksema, S.N; Fredrickson. B; Loftus,G.R. (2003).Atkinson Hilgards Introduction to Psychology (14th ed.).Thomson:Wadsworth. Stuart,G.W.(2009).Principles and practice of psychiatric nursing(9thed.).St.Louis:Mosby. Warburton.J, Lui.C.W.(2007).Social isolation and loneliness in older people: A literature review. Australasian Centre on Ageing

re-introduction of wolves into maine :: essays research papers

Reentering the eastern timber wolf into northern Maine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before the 20th century the eastern timber wolf lived and thrived in northern and central Maine. A combination of hunting and trapping however killed off most of the indigenous wolves and drove the rest into Canada.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The eastern timber wolf stands between 26†- 36† tall, and weighs between 65- 85 pounds for a female and 80- 95 pounds for a male. They stretch from between 5- 6.5 feet from nose to tale. The eastern timber wolf travels in packs of 2-8. The pack consists of the breeding male and female and their offspring it may also have subordinate adult wolves that recognize the breeding male’s leadership. Only the dominant male and female breed, the female has a litter of between 4-7 pups. A wolf pack has a territory that can be as big as 1,000 square miles, although it is generally less than this.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people feel that since it was humans that drove the wolves away from the state of Maine it is our ethical duty to bring them back and see that they survive. I am now going to go over some of the pros and con’s of reintroducing the eastern timber wolf back into Maine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the wolves gone in Maine there was a predator vacuum created. This means that there was an over abundance of the animals the wolves used to prey upon. This in turn led to the increased number of coyotes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The eastern coyote is much larger then their western cousins and have a more powerful jaw for taking bigger game. They fit into the niche of the wolf perfectly. They have adapted until they can do just about anything a wolf could do; they are starting to travel in packs and are growing larger each generation. The eastern coyote is so well established in Maine and it is so closely related to the eastern timber wolf that if you wanted to reintroduce the wolf you would first have to greatly decrease the number of coyote.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most people say that if you reintroduce the wolf to Maine, big game hunting would have to be stopped. This is untrue. As long as the deer and moose population neither grows nor decreases hunting is doing its job. Wolves don’t have any great effect on the population of their prey. They take only sick and old animals and very rarely do they take an animal that has a likelihood of breeding.

Alzheimers Disease Essay -- Alzheimers Disease Essays

Memory loss, like old age is a condition which mankind has always reluctantly recognized and always – with resignation. Memory loses are sometimes trivial and meaningless and go unrecognized. However, when these loses are so great that a person does not know who or where they are the concerns are quite grave. Although it is realize that Alzheimer's disease destroys the brain memory function, many do not realize precisely how the memory is destroyed once one is aware of the process, it becomes faster to work forward to alleviate the destruction. "Without memory there is no knowledge to recreate or reproduce past perceptions, emotions, thoughts and actions that are so vital to live a full and functioning life. Memory is the key that unlocks doors that keep us functioning, not only mentally but physically (Corrick 32)." "Memory loss is not a sign of decay (Freedman 10)." As we get older, there is some mild impairment in our recollection of recent events, such as forgetting why one went into a room or misplacing a person's eye glasses, which even young are guilty of doing. As reported by Larry Squire, "forgetting is quite normal and usually develops in the third decade of life, and by one estimate 85 percent of the healthy elderly – those over 65—suffer some memory impairment (59)." According to Dr. Seligmann, "forgetting is the process through which information in memory becomes inaccessible, either because it is stored but is not at that time retrievable (51)." This is one of the most important factors in forgetting. Memory loss is rapid at first and then gradually levels off. There are many types of "dismembering" enemies that hamper ones recall and retrieval system. "Forgetting may be increased by interference from proactive inhibition, that is material learned beforehand, like trying to remember a soup recipe (51)." In remembering stories or events there is a tendency for distortions to occur. Cutler explains that studies made by Elizabeth Loftus reveal, "what you learn today may actually distort your memory of what happened to you yesterday. . . (62)." People tend to remember the events that they regard as the most important. They attempt to reconstruct the event, usually what knowledge they have, with the result being what would have been expected rather than what actually happened. Dr. Siegfried ... ...sease of the brain (Parke- Davis 6)." "Deficiency of cortical acetylcholine is believed to account for clinical manifestation of mild to moderate dementia (Cognex 3)." Cognex is the only drug of choice presently used for treatment of Alzheimer's patients. "Cognex presumably acts by elevating acetylcholine concentration in cerebral cortex by slowing the degradation which is released by enact chelinergic neurons (Cognex 3)." Approximately "5,600 patients were on clinical trails about 17% were improved with memories. . ." and " 40% stayed the same no change and about 20% had been "withdrawn" with adverse reaction (Cognex 4)." In conclusion, when is memory loss, whether it is great or small, it takes away the ability to recreate or reproduce to some extent our emotions, past experiences, thoughts and actions that we take for granted. It gives us far more then we give it. The mind needs knowledge to keep us functioning and in return will perform amazing feats for us. Although the cause of Alzheimer's diseases unknown care, research is ongoing, worldwide. "There is no evidence that Cognex alters the course of the underlying demeaning process (Cognex 3)." Alzheimers Disease Essay -- Alzheimer's Disease Essays Memory loss, like old age is a condition which mankind has always reluctantly recognized and always – with resignation. Memory loses are sometimes trivial and meaningless and go unrecognized. However, when these loses are so great that a person does not know who or where they are the concerns are quite grave. Although it is realize that Alzheimer's disease destroys the brain memory function, many do not realize precisely how the memory is destroyed once one is aware of the process, it becomes faster to work forward to alleviate the destruction. "Without memory there is no knowledge to recreate or reproduce past perceptions, emotions, thoughts and actions that are so vital to live a full and functioning life. Memory is the key that unlocks doors that keep us functioning, not only mentally but physically (Corrick 32)." "Memory loss is not a sign of decay (Freedman 10)." As we get older, there is some mild impairment in our recollection of recent events, such as forgetting why one went into a room or misplacing a person's eye glasses, which even young are guilty of doing. As reported by Larry Squire, "forgetting is quite normal and usually develops in the third decade of life, and by one estimate 85 percent of the healthy elderly – those over 65—suffer some memory impairment (59)." According to Dr. Seligmann, "forgetting is the process through which information in memory becomes inaccessible, either because it is stored but is not at that time retrievable (51)." This is one of the most important factors in forgetting. Memory loss is rapid at first and then gradually levels off. There are many types of "dismembering" enemies that hamper ones recall and retrieval system. "Forgetting may be increased by interference from proactive inhibition, that is material learned beforehand, like trying to remember a soup recipe (51)." In remembering stories or events there is a tendency for distortions to occur. Cutler explains that studies made by Elizabeth Loftus reveal, "what you learn today may actually distort your memory of what happened to you yesterday. . . (62)." People tend to remember the events that they regard as the most important. They attempt to reconstruct the event, usually what knowledge they have, with the result being what would have been expected rather than what actually happened. Dr. Siegfried ... ...sease of the brain (Parke- Davis 6)." "Deficiency of cortical acetylcholine is believed to account for clinical manifestation of mild to moderate dementia (Cognex 3)." Cognex is the only drug of choice presently used for treatment of Alzheimer's patients. "Cognex presumably acts by elevating acetylcholine concentration in cerebral cortex by slowing the degradation which is released by enact chelinergic neurons (Cognex 3)." Approximately "5,600 patients were on clinical trails about 17% were improved with memories. . ." and " 40% stayed the same no change and about 20% had been "withdrawn" with adverse reaction (Cognex 4)." In conclusion, when is memory loss, whether it is great or small, it takes away the ability to recreate or reproduce to some extent our emotions, past experiences, thoughts and actions that we take for granted. It gives us far more then we give it. The mind needs knowledge to keep us functioning and in return will perform amazing feats for us. Although the cause of Alzheimer's diseases unknown care, research is ongoing, worldwide. "There is no evidence that Cognex alters the course of the underlying demeaning process (Cognex 3)."

Wise Children Essay -- English Literature

Wise Children Essay Angela Carter uses a variety of methods and techniques to present events and characters in an interesting way in chapter 1. By using Dora’s voice she is able to express the character’s viewpoint and introduce the reader to the story at a pace and style that not only establishes other characters but from how language is used the reader can create a personality for Dora also. The novel starts with a question to slowly introduce the reader into the idea of the legitimacy and illegitimacy. ‘WHY is London like Budapest? A. Because it two cities divided by a river. Dora uses London to immediately explain how her and Dora live on the ‘bastard side of Old Father Thames’, not just literally but as illegitimate children it is a metaphor for their situation. Carter uses these parallels of the North and South divide to explain how Nora and Dora are from ‘the wrong side of the tracks.’ and can also help the reader to relate and empathise with Dora and Nora’s position. The novel does not follow a chronological timeline, but is a non-linear narrative jumping back and forth between what is happening on the twin’s 75th birthday and events that have taken place in the past. The first main event in the novel is the arrival of the invitation to Melchior Hazards birthday party, not only does it introduce some action, but also other characters into the play and allows Carter to tell the reader some information on Dora’s situation, that Melchior Hazard is her father and who ‘Wheelchair’ is. Carter uses plot very effectively in the first chapter; she offers part of the story and then holds back, when Tristram is showing the video recording, ‘Freeze –frame’. This allows Carter to explain the famil... ...llen’, Dora is mocking the demise of the Hazard family, the once great Shakespearian act reduced to a host on a tacky game show. Dora pours scorn on the idea that the Hazard family are the height of respectability and legitimacy: ‘Speaking of illegitimacy, there was more than a hint of romantic, nay, melodramatic illegitimacy in the Hazard family long before Nora and myself took our first bows’, she breaks down the social barriers between the two families, lowering them to her status by revealing that even families of good reputation hide dark secrets. By the end of chapter 1 different questions gave been raised for the reader that now need answering, these questions create tensions that encourage the reader to find out more. The plot development within the first chapter portray not only the events, but as they are seen through Dora shape her character.

Regulatory Risks Essay

Risks are inherent to all business organizations. Risk management often considers several areas of practice and is an absolute necessity, not merely an option. The author will discuss regulatory risks for organizations, and explain how they can be identified and managed. Risk management requires considering and weighing risks and implementing procedures to monitor and moderate them. Risk Identification Overview Legislative and executive branches of the United States government have enacted laws that regulate all businesses.  Thousands of administrative agencies are authorized by Congress to administer and enforce statutes by regulating businesses. Administrative agencies are typically given executive power to investigate and prosecute potential infringement of statutes, administrative rules, and administrative orders (Cheeseman, 2010). Intentional Torts, Negligence, and Liability While no organization’s risks are identical to another’s, several can be identified and applied to organizations in general. There are three categories of â€Å"wrong:† intentional torts, unintentional torts, and strict liability. Intentional tort. This category of â€Å"wrong† requires that intent was present when harm was caused. Examples of intentional torts are assault, battery, and false imprisonment. The law safeguards individuals from uninvited touching, restraint, and any other contact (Cheeseman, 2010). Unintentional tort. Negligence is the â€Å"omission to do something which is a reasonable man would do, or doing something which a prudent and reasonable man would not do† (Cheeseman, 2010, p. 80). For a legitimate negligence lawsuit, several elements of negligence must be present: duty of care, reached duty, injury, act was the actual cause of injuries, and the negligent act was the legal cause of the injuries. Strict liability. Even if an individual was not negligent and had no intent, he can still be held legally liable for injuries caused by certain activities. Strict liability imposes legal responsibility for injuries sustained in the following: product liability, ultra-hazardous activities, animal care, and some statutory offenses (Butera, Beausang, Cohen, & Brennan, 2011). Disclosure of Agency Actions To prevent public perception of secrecy, Congress has allowed statutes to promote public disclosure of federal administrative agency actions, while at the same time protecting companies from overly public administrative agency actions. These statutes are the Freedom of Information Act, the Government in the Sunshine Act, the Equal Access to Justice Act, and the Privacy Act. Freedom of information act. This federal law allocates for full or limited disclosure of formerly unreleased information and documents. This law guarantee public access to government records and holds a presumption of disclosure. However, there are nine exemptions of the act. Government in the sunshine act. This law allows closed or partially closed advisory committee meetings. Closed or partially closed to the public are discussions of classified information, reviews of proprietary data, and deliberations that consider personnel privacy. Equal Access to Justice Act. A party who is subject to an action of an unjustified administrative agency can sue to recover attorney’s costs and other fees (Cornell University Law School, n. d. ). Privacy Act.  This act safe-keep records that ca be recovered from a system of records by personal identifiers like name or social security number. An individual can have access to his records and request correction if they are incomplete or inaccurate (Social Security Administration, 2011). Risk Management The Industrial Revolution caused substantial environmental pollution of solid and toxic wastes into the land and water. Companies such as Alumina, Inc. , were not efficient in voluntary pollution control, so the government took on its regulation and control (Cheeseman, 2010). Awareness of and compliance to these regulatory statutes may be the best risk management strategy available to companies who are at potential risk. Risk assessment and compliance are managed in together with one another. Compliance management includes three interrelated perspectives: preventive, detective, and corrective procedures. 80% of organizations report improvements from expanding their compliance regimens (BPM Forum, 2006). Preventive The easiest, most fiscally sound, fastest way to solve a problem is to prevent the problem in the first place. The best risk preventive practice for agencies such as Alumina, Inc is regulatory compliance. The government places a high level of importance on the preservation of the environment and has stringent means of enforcing compliance to environmental regulation. The best approach for achieving compliance, thus minimizing regulatory risk, is to have a preventative focus. Congress created the Environmental Protection Agency in 1970 as a rule-making agency to hold hearings, make decisions, and order remedies for violations of environmental laws. Air and water quality standards are established that regulate pollution rates. If companies were compliant with enacted statutes at all times of business operations, such measures would prevent regulatory risks. Although Section 5 of the FTC Act prohibits unfair and deceptive practices, some companies are in violation. Part of preventive risk management, companies must avoid misleading or omitting information. Unsubstantiated claims and bait and switch tactics must be avoided as a preventive measure. Insurance, which is governed by the law of contracts, is designed for businesses to protect themselves against risk of loss. The law requires some companies to carry a minimum of $1 million of liability insurance, which will cover negligence, wrongful acts, and misconduct by the company (Cheeseman, 2010). Liability insurance will guarantee injured third parties compensation. This measure is both preventive and corrective. Detective Compliance evaluation inspections and audits will not serve as a preventive measure; however serve to detect possible risks and is an â€Å"after-the-fact† approach. Compliance is defined as ensuring business procedures, operations, and practices are in concord with a given set of norms (Sadiq & Governatori, 2010). Detective measures are based on reporting and conducting internal and external audits. Changing legislatures and compliance requirements make it difficult to detect. â€Å"The diversity, scale and complexity of compliance requirements warrant a highly systematic and well-grounded approach,† (Lu, Sadiq, & Governatori, 2008, p. 345). Corrective Measures Organizations can raise several defenses as corrective measures against liability. While maintaining public image and damage control, defenses must be ethical in resolving potentially damaging lawsuits. Alternative Dispute Resolution. Negotiation is a simple form of alternative dispute resolution, and includes only the parties involved in the dispute. Negotiation is resolved when the parties reach a voluntary resolution. Mediation is another popular form of alternative dispute resolution. It is available through individuals and organizations like the American Arbitration Association and some court systems. Alternative dispute resolution is an attractive way to resolve disputes because of its speed and the empowerment of the involved parties. Court litigation is slow, expensive, and has uncertain results. Organizations can hold back sensitive business information from public dissemination. This will protect the disclosure of information that could hurt foreign policy or national defense, privacy of individuals, proprietary interests of business, functioning of the government, and other interests (HRSA, 2011). Corrective measures vary from the initiation of a new regulation, to breech reporting, to the company coming under surveillance and scrutiny by a control authority. In the worst-case scenario, a company can undergo an enforceable undertaking (Lu, Sadiq, & Governatori, 2008). The company will position itself favorably with regulators and other controlling authorities if corrective measures are undertaken with a proactive approach. Conclusion The states as well as the federal government administer and enforce laws related to safety. Companies are required to comply with the regulations and legal procedures of regulatory agencies just as much as they are required to follow federal laws. Managers must be aware of, and comply with federal and state laws that govern their business. Aligning business objectives with regulations and legislation will minimize tort and regulatory risks and improve business performance.

Coca-Cola versus Pepsi-Cola: Competitive Strategies Essay

Coca-Cola (Coke) and Pepsi-Cola (Pepsi) have been the most popular soft drinks for many years, and has also been each other’s biggest competitor. Coke was created in 1885 by John Stith Pemberton, a pharmacist, and was initially made as a tonic (Smith, 2012). In the beginning, Coke had cocaine in it, which was to fight depression and also make consumers addicted to the drink. In 1904, the Food and Drug Administration eliminated the use of cocaine, a key ingredient, in the United States, so Coke decided to keep its name and endorse the beverage through aggressive advertising (Smith, 2012). Thirteen years after the creation of Coke, in 1898, Caleb Bradham, a pharmacist, created a beverage named Brad’s Drink (later changed to Pepsi), and was Coke’s main competitor (Smith, 2012). Both companies focused on advertising, but they took different approaches. These different approaches that each company uses, also reflects the differences of their corporate cultures. Coke a nd Pepsi have been competing with one another since the beginning, and this competition seems to have pushed both companies to remain at the top of their market. Corporate culture is defined as an organization’s system of principles, beliefs, and values (Boone & Kurtz, 2012). Coke’s corporate culture focuses on seven core values, which are leadership, passion, integrity, collaboration, diversity, quality, and accountability (Coca-Cola, 2013). Coke focuses on their employees and their brand in order to keep the promise to â€Å"refresh the world in mind, body, and spirit, and inspire moments of optimism; to create value and make a difference (Coca-Cola, 2013).† On the other hand, Pepsi’s corporate culture focuses on performing with a purpose. Performing with a purpose means blazing new trails, never settling for second best, succeeding and celebrating together, and doing something bigger (PepsiCo, 2012). Pepsi also focuses on nutrition by addressing health concerns. The difference between these two companies is that Coke seems to focus more on their employees, where as Pepsi, seems to focus more on staying ahead of the competition by always coming up with new trends or products. Pepsi’s culture has benefitted Coke by focusing on healthier alternatives rather cola products. In 2006, when Indra Nooyi took over as CEO, she decided not to continue to battle with Coke. Instead of cola products, Nooyi decided to focus on water, juices, teas, and sports drinks. Since Pepsi began focusing on healthier alternatives, of all soft drinks, Coke has controlled 41.9 percent of the market compared to Pepsi’s 29 percent (D’Altorio, 2013). On the other hand, Coke’s focus on their brand has benefitted Pepsi’s decision to not focus mainly on cola products. Coke clearly commands the cola war between the two companies, but Pepsi has won the revenue battle, bringing in 38 percent more revenue than Coke in 2011 (Russell, 2012). Pepsi has expanded the company by starting the Quaker Oats, Gatorade, and Tropicana divisions. By opening up these divisions, Pepsi’s goal is to reach $30 billion in revenue by 2020 (D’Altorio, 2013). Coke’s focus on the brand, allowed the company to clearly control the cola market, but by limiting the company to soft drinks, Coke has allowed Pepsi to tap into other markets and gain more revenue. Another part of Pepsi’s culture that has benefited Coke was â€Å"doing something bigger.† Pepsi has been known to use celebrities to promote their products, but there have been instances where these promotions have backfired. The most recent of these mishaps was in 2002 when Pepsi pulled an ad featuring the rapper Ludacris. Bill O’Reilly called for a boycott of Pepsi because he felt the company used an â€Å"immoral rapper† as a spokesperson (Russell, 2012). After the controversy, Pepsi committed to paying $3 million dollars to the Ludacris Foundation (Russell, 2012). With a popular rapper, such as Ludacris, who has millions of fans, t his controversy created the risk of Pepsi losing millions of consumers, which could have switched over to the competition, Coke. In the future, the part of Coke’s corporate culture that will probably change is their leadership. Companies change leaders often, especially when the current leader is not performing to the standards that the company expects. In order to continue to thrive, Coke has to be sure that they put leaders in place who understand the company’s vision. They must be able to take those visions and continue to move the company forward in its market. Coke has been a leader in the cola market for many years and as a new leader, it will have to be the goal of that leader to ensure that Coke remains at the top of the market or Coke will have to find a new leader. If Coke constantly has to change leadership, then it will affect the company. Finding a great leader is not an easy task, but once that leader is found it is up to him/her to effectively lead the company into the future and not ruin everything that has been built before they came along. Pepsi’s believes in blazing new trails, and thus far it has worked for them. In the future, Pepsi must be careful that by blazing new trails they do not forget what has allowed their success over the years. Although the new trails that they tapped into in the past have worked, there is no guarantee that it will continue to work in the past. There have been companies, like Coke, that have tried new products (New Coke) that did not work. Pepsi has had success with tapping into new markets, but the company must be careful that they stick with what has worked for them so that they do not tarnish the brand that they have worked so hard to establish. The different markets (water, juices, teas, and sports drinks) that have been tapped into has brought Pepsi much success, and instead of blazing new trails, Pepsi needs to focus on making their current product lines bigger and better. Tapping into other markets that they are not already a part of could possibly take away from the produc t lines that they already have in place. Conclusion Coke and Pepsi are the top cola and soft drink companies and each other’s biggest competitor. Both companies have established themselves using different methods, but they both have had success with these methods. Coke has clearly won the rivalry between the two when it comes to the individual cola lines, but when it comes to overall revenue; Pepsi has won the battle of revenue. Although both companies have made mistakes over the years, both have continued to be successful. Coke has stuck with what has worked for them throughout the years, which is the cola and soft drink market. Pepsi on the other hand, tried different markets, and was very successful. These two companies will continue to be rivals from now until the end of time because they are both at the top and continue to fight to make sure that is where they stay.

DBQ for AP World History

he printing press was transformed by Johann Gutenberg, a German goldsmith, and more than 8 million books were printed in Western Europe between 1456 and 1500. This invention had an effect with the Protestant Reformation. It not only furthered the knowledge of geography, but it also expanded knowledge throughout the countries and whether you were wealthy or poor, printing made books available to the general public.By 1560, many people were either Catholic, Protestant, or mixed (Doc. 5). Non-Catholic Western European Christians were the followers of Luther. Luther’s goal was to stir debate around the issue of indulgences. He believed that is was wrong how the churches would encourage indulgences onto the people. Written in one of the 95 Theses, if people bought indulgences, then they would be â€Å"eternally damned† and because of the printing press, the 95 Theses were known throughout Europe (Doc. 3). Luther would compare criminals to the Popes to get his point across. I n document 4, Luther used the word â€Å"robbers†.Robbers steal and he used this word against the popes. The popes were taking money from the people in exchange of an indulgence. Lucas Cranach, a close friend of Luther, made a woodcut to demonstrate not only the comparison between a pope and Jesus, but also how money was a key factor (Doc. 4). Having a point of view from a Catholic German pope in 1521 could give details and evidence of how indulgences were for the better of the people and not for the pope himself.In 1471, the printing press was not known widely. About thirty years later, the invention spread and along with it was a letter (Doc. 2). Christopher Columbus wrote about his experience of inhabited islands he found in the letter and because of the printing press, his letter spread throughout Western Europe (Doc. 6). He wrote this to keep the king of Spain updated and to let the public know his findings. Columbus was a skilled voyager. He wanted to find new routes an d to bring back goods. In 1489, Martellus, a German, was able to create a world map and Columbus was able to improve the map accurately with his travels.Then almost a hundred years later, Abraham Ortelius, a German, was able to create an accurate world map (Doc. 7). In document 6, it is noted that Columbus was believed to have written most of the letter coming back from America. Having a statement from an eyewitness  boarding Christopher’s vessel between 1492 and 1493 could provide a detailed or accurate description on when he wrote the letter.At first, a scribe would be writing a book by hand from the dictation of a scholar. Then in the mid-1500s, print shops would be built (Doc. 1). Just like the evolving of printing and books, knowledge was expanded and it evolved as well. Isaac Newton was able to use previous knowledge of other scholars to become a mathematician himself. He was able to make the world more understanding by expanding on other philosophers like Galileo (Do c. 10).And other scientific individuals were able to do that as well. For example, Johannes Kepler described how lenses work and was able to create an astronomical telescope. After him, Robert Hooke was able to use a microscope to further his observations (Doc. 10). Everything was wrote down and because of the printing press, things got to be published. Publishers were able to print books in different languages and this expanded the ancient ideas even more (Doc. 8). When the books were open to the general public, the ideas spread quickly on a grand scale (Doc. 9).The printing press helped people understand better. It helped Luther spread his opinions throughout Europe and it resulted in Protestant Reformation. Printing furthered geography and it evolved and expanded knowledge. The printing press was able to write things down permanently for all to see and read; now and then.

Yeast Fermentation Rates

IB Biology Internal Assessment: Yeast Fermentation Rates Planning(a) Question- Growth: What is the effect on Yeast Growth/Expansion during fermentation when mixed in water of varying temperatures? Hypothesis- Temperatures above or below the recommended fermentation temperatures will contain less, or be void of growth, either due to inactivation or to yeast death. Variables- | | | | | | |Dependent Variables |Temp|Degrees F | |90 Degrees F-130 Degrees F | | | |erat| | | | | | |ure | | | | | | |of | | | | | | |wate| | | | | | |r. | | | | |Fermentation | |Hours | |Level of |Digital Timer| |time | | | |expansion | | | | | | |after other | | | | | | |variables | | |90 |75mL |75mL |75mL |N/A |N/A | |100 |105mL |75mL |N/A |N/A |N/A | |110 |85mL |75mL |75mL |N/A |N/A | |120 |125mL |75mL |N/A |N/A |N/A | |130 |75mL |75mL |N/A |N/A |N/A | Data Processing and Presentation- Overview- Yeast is a living substance. It is commonly used to rise bread, or to make alcohol, in a process known as Alcoholi c Fermentation in which it releases oxygen. Through my research, I learned that during fermentation, the temperature is a very important factor in yeast expansion, as under 100 degrees, the yeast may not activate, while high temperatures will effectively kill your yeast, rendering it useless. My Lab Experiment served to test the effect of temperature on yeast expansion during fermentation. Presentation- Temperature |Repeat | |Volume Change | |90 | |1 | |0mL | | | | |2 | |0mL | | | | |3 | |0mL | | | | |4 | |N/A | | | | |5 | |N/A | | |100 | |1 | |30mL | | | | |2 | |0mL | | | | |3 | |N/A | | | | |4 | |N/A | | | | |5 | |N/A | | |110 | |1 | |10mL | | | | |2 | |0mL | | | | |3 | |N/A | | | | |4 | |N/A | | | | |5 | |N/A | | |120 | |1 | |50mL | | | | |2 | |0mL | | | | |3 | |N/A | | | | |4 | |N/A | | | |5 | |N/A | | |130 | |1 | |0mL | | | | |2 | |0mL | | | | |3 | |N/A | | | | |4 | |N/A | | | | |5 | |N/A | | | | | | | | | Yeast Expansion Conclusion and Evaluation- Conclusion- As is shown by my data, after the first trial at each temperature, the yeast refused to rise. This is due to temperatures effect on yeast, as a living thing. After completing the first five trials and ending my experiment for the day, I placed the jar of active dry yeast in the fridge where, due to prolonged exposure to such low temperatures, the whole jar died. After frustratingly watching the next seven trials yield no rise in the yeast, I came to the realization that the cold of the fridge killed my yeast. This was just as much a surprise (as the jar said â€Å"refrigerate after opening†), as it was an interesting basis for my lab. Because my Lab was about Temperature’s effect on yeast expansion and growth, this death provides a good conclusion, as it shows that prolonged exposure to extreme cold(around 58 Degrees F in my fridge), effectively kills the yeast, just as exposure to extreme heat does. At the 90 Degrees of trial 1, the yeast simply was not activated, but at 130 degrees, it also didn’t activate. Because temperatures below 130(save 90) activated it, I assumed that this was the temperature that kills yeast, just as 58 Degrees does. Limitations of experimental design- Many aspects of my project did not work very well and could have been improved in order to make for a better experimental design. For instance, instead of simply placing the yeast in water, I could have made dough, and placed it in the oven at different temperatures, making for a much more stable environment and temperature. Also, completing all 25 trials would have yielded better results as to what temperature truly leads to the greatest expansion by the yeast during fermentation. ———————– [pic]

Non Violent Resistance

Chenoweth and Stephan's arguments and research show that non violent campaigns are more successful than violent campaigns against violent political regimes. Though violent protests can show to be successful and they do get the point across though in a very different way, non violent protests I will have to agree, are the best and most efficient way to go about combating a violent opposition. With cases such as Dr.Martin Luther King, and Ghandi being two of the most noted cases. (not to say that there are not many more) The two writers argue 2 main points as to why a nonviolent approaches are strategically more sound than those that promote violence. The first argument is t hat when a violent force (especially a regime) tries to repress an non-violent campaign, the repression may backfire. â€Å"First, repressing nonviolent campaigns may backfire.In backfire, an unjust act—often violent repression—recoils against its originators, often resulting in the breakdown of obed ience among regime supporters, mobilization of the population against the regime, and international condemnation of the regime† (Cenoweth ; Stephan, 11) In turn when a violent regime confronts a non-violent regime with violence, it sends a message of hostility that will label that country hostile. I associate this with the, Nuke the Middle East comments.Though acts of terrorism may be common in the area the amount of civilian and peaceful citizens in the area would make a no holds bar bombing unacceptable (as well as unlawful in regards to international laws) They also mention a breakdown in support for the violent regime. I agree. As a violent force aggressively challenges a nonviolent movement that is just that, non violent, support tends to diminish from the regime causing a power shift and essentially the regime could collapse due to exhausting funds and lack of support.That is a very interesting and true perspective of a non violent protest strategy that I had not thought of and after thinking about it I tend I lean more towards this argument than I did when I had first began reading this article. Their second argument for non-violent campaigns is that they promote negotiations. They explain that most regimes are more easily swayed to negotiate with a non violent organization as they are not causing harm the regime itself or the military by taking hands on action.They bring up something called Correspondence Inference Theory. Basically we respond to an opponent based on their actions. If they're non violent you would confront them as such and the same goes if they are violent. They make the point that public acceptance is the heart of any resistance and the public masses would be more opt to follow a non violent one than a violent. The reason is simple, the public will not feel as threatened. I feel as though these are great arguments.If by chance a cop de tat had arose in the united states i feel i would be more opt to join a non violent route, suc h as the hippie movement in the 1960's where the protests were expressed via music instead of violence. Of course there are special occurrences where the two above arguments are invalid. During the civil rights protests many African American protesters were hosed down by the authorities even though they had followed Dr. Kings message of peace.Dr. King himself though an advocate of peace was assassinated by the opposition. As previously stated I agree with the authors that a non violent approach strategically is a wonderful idea but it has a down side and I believe that it leaves the peace makers vulnerable to opposition extremists who are not worried about international opinion A few recent examples being Terrorist organizations like Al Queda, and tyrants such as Hitler, Stalin, and North Korea.

The linked article from The Atlantic magazine presents statistics Essay

The linked article from The Atlantic magazine presents statistics presents statistics documenting the current extent of wealth a - Essay Example Economists, through the media, have been enumerating the benefits of income and wealth inequality in terms of economic efficiency. Most of them assert that the current levels of disparity are just right to spur innovation of new technologies, maintain high levels of productivity among citizens, and increase competition among citizens and workers. However, this has not affected the views of most Americans regarding what they think are ideal levels of income and wealth inequality (Ariely, theatlantic.com). John Rawls’ definition of social inequality is based on the notion that people know everything about the society’s wealth distribution, and are willing to enter the spectrum at any level. Rawls refers to this notion as the ‘veil of ignorance’ because people’s decisions are disconnected from the level of wealth they will attain after making the decision. As a result, their view of the ideal level of income and wealth distribution reflects a level of e quality higher than that of any state in the world, with little disparity between the highest and the lowest levels of income and wealth (Ariely, theatlantic.com). ... Extensive media coverage of the issue of wealth and income disparity increases people’s awareness of the existence of this massive inequality, especially those at the low end of the wealth distribution spectrum. This massive exposure naturally stirs their materialistic tendencies, which translates to a great desire to attain wealth levels equal to those of citizens at the high end of the spectrum. Ultimately, this desire becomes too strong to be restrained among members of the society with a low threshold for maintaining social norms and desirable values. When this critical barrier breaks down, these people will do almost anything to acquire the level of wealth they desire immensely, and they end up getting involved in various illegal and immoral means of earning large amounts of income with as little productive effort as possible. The ultimate result is a high level of muggings, robberies, prostitution, corruption and numerous other social vices and illegal activities. Theref ore, reduction of the inequality of wealth and income distribution between the rich and the poor will benefit the society tremendously. Both the rich and the poor will reap benefits from this reduction because both groups experience the effects of these social evils and crimes. The poor are vulnerable because they lack the resources to ensure their security, whereas wealthier individuals are vulnerable because they are mostly the target of perpetrators of these social crimes and evils. Although the rich have the resources necessary for ensuring their security within the society, the fact that they are mostly the target group in these acts makes them just as vulnerable to crime as individuals at the low end of the wealth distribution spectrum.

Money and banking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Money and banking - Assignment Example In this context, Commerce National Bank reports interest-sensitive assets of $870 million and interest-sensitive liabilities of $625 million during the coming month. This implies that Commerce National Bank is an asset sensitive one. Since Commercial National Bank is asset sensitive, if interest rates rise, the bank will definitely enjoy a net interest margin. The bank’s productivity on interest income and earning interest will raise its basis point for basis point in line with the market. If the rates fall, it will have its net interest margin compressed. Securitization Securitization of assets refers to the process of collecting various sorts of debts such as car loans, mortgages, or credit card debts and packaging them as bonds, collateralized mortgage obligations, or as pass-through securities. They are then sold to investors. This process can consist of any type of financial assets and it is aimed at reinforcing liquidity in the marketplace. It is also vital for smaller i nvestors to buy shares in a more complex pool. The most amenable assets used in the securitization process include equipment, trucks, automobiles, home equity loans, recreational vehicles, and credit cards. Alternatively, asset-backed deals especially for exotic assets may include: consumer loans, computer leases, time shares, trade receivables, and small commercial loans. Securitization offers numerous benefits to investors, purchasers, and financial institutions. It provides financial lending institutions with a technique to remove assets from their balance sheets, thus raising the pool of obtainable capital to be lent out. In addition, lending institutions are given a chance to utilize their assets to get funds, and most specifically, replacing the lower-yielding assets with higher-yielding ones. From the lending institutions and the regulator’s perspectives, there are some risks associated with the securitization process. This may involve such risks as banks using the bes t quality assets in the procedure, which implies that the remaining portfolio may be more dangerous averagely. This will lead to an increase in the lending institution’s capital requirements. Banks and other lending institutions choose to do this because investment activities balance the benefits that loans offer. In overall, investments demonstrate less credit risks as compared to loans, as well as permitting lending institutions to expand to various places that loans cannot allow. Investment securities also give extra liquid reserves wherever more money is required, help banks to reduce their contact with huge taxes, serve as a prevaricate against losses as a result of the evolving interest rates, and offer collateral as needed by the regulations. There are prepayment and interest rate risks associated with securitized assets. This happens when borrowers pay off or default particular loans in the securitized-asset pool prematurely. The reason behind this may be due to the f all of interest and the substitution of old loans at lower loan rates. Prepayment risk may noticeably lower the security values backed by such loans and alter their appropriate maturities. Further, the considerable drawbacks in these investments such as declining in their market values as the principal assets may lead to increase in default rates. Liquidity Total assets Sales of bank assets are projected to be $18 million Total

Difference between Liberalism and Socialism Essay

Difference between Liberalism and Socialism - Essay Example Socialism advocates for total control of resources that contribute to political and economic development. Only through such control, can the state achieve true success and economic prosperity of its people (Hinnfors, 2006). Introduction History and Political Science What is the difference between liberalism and socialism? Through socialism, most of the individuals in a nation are highly likely to be provided for in terms of basic resources. The government in a socialist system is also highly likely to ensure that the people of the nation have all needed social amenities. Socialism is likely to ensure that all the available wealth in a nation has been equally distributed regardless of economic state held by the country’s nationals. However, some of the socialist systems that have been observed in most countries have not been as efficient as they were originally meant to be. If the individuals in the government happen to be corrupt, it is the innocent nationals of a country that suffer since the wealth in the nation does not get distributed as it should be (Mcdonald, 2008). There are different forms of liberalism that are used in the learning fields. This paper will focus on the classical form of liberalism and its views. Liberalism dictates that the governing power should only be in charge of institutions in the country if there is no recorded progress. Individuals that support liberalism feel that the people of a nation are likely to have more freedom if the government is only involved in the control of some institutions (Tamanaha, 2004). What are the basic components and goals of a liberalist government? (Based on the ideas of J.S. Mill, Adam Smith and John Locke) Liberalist governments view the needs and wants of their people as being the most important. The government encourages a system whereby individuals are made to feel free in their environment. There is freedom of speech and other constitutional rights to encourage harmony in the society (Tamana ha, 2004). Liberalist governments are based on the ideals of liberty and equality. The main components of liberalist governments include the freedoms of speech, free elections and right to life and own property. According to John Locke, each individual should have the right to life, own property and liberty. Another component is the rejection of absolute monarchies, state religion and the divine right of kings. J.S Mill asserts that an individual should have the right to do harm on himself or herself as long as he is not harming other people. ((Mcdonald, 2008). Adam Smith, in his work on wealth of nations, he asserted that governments should ensure economic liberalism by not interfering with the markets. He opposed restrictive trade practices, subsidies to government monopolies and trade unions. According to liberalist goals, the selfish interests of individuals will make the economic markets self-regulate. However, Adam Smith argued that the government had limited role in the provi sion of public goods like schools and roads that cannot be provided adequately by the private sector. Adam Smith maintained such costs should be charged to citizens proportionately according to their consumption through tolls ((Mcdonald, 2008). Individuals such as John Locke were on the front in encouraging the adoption of liberalism in governing systems. Liberalism supports the giving of power to the people in communities. Individuals are ideally free to communicate their satisfaction/ dissatisfaction with a government and demand for a democratic way of governing. According to Locke, individuals are entitled to ownership of any form of rights, rights or freedom. A

Diplomacy in the international system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Diplomacy in the international system - Essay Example ubmitted at the outset that within the current framework, the globalisation of world politics and the complex nature of international relations in the contemporary environment has meant that increasingly the dynamic of international relations is intrinsically dependent on where the balance of political power lies within the international framework (Siracusa, 2010). As a result, the role of diplomats in contemporary international relations is very wide and can often take a multifaceted role depending on the priority of state objectives (Siracusa, 2010). Indeed, Randin comments that: â€Å"one aspect of the existing literature on co-operation in the international relations context is that most of it stems from a view of international relations that often fails to take into account security challenges other than those posed by states to states† (2006, p13). Accordingly, on this basis it is argued as a central proposition in this paper that the role of diplomats is fundamental not only as a method of facilitating co-operation between states; they also serve as important tools in implementing state objectives. In turn, the extent of diplomatic influence will be intrinsically dependent on where the balance of power lies within the international framework as evidenced by the post September 11 system of international relations (Baylis & Smith, 2005). As such, in reviewing the contemporary relevance and role of diplomats, this paper will review international relations theory and highlight the gap between theory and reality due to the multifaceted and wider roles falling within the ambit of diplomacy duties within the contemporary socio-political framework of international relations (Baylis & Smith, 2005). With regard to the theoretical models, a central theory in international relations is realism, which developed in the aftermath of the Second World War as reflected by the United Nations Charter, which focuses on mutuality of obligations in preventing a repeat of the

Resulting trusts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Resulting trusts - Essay Example since there is no evidence that Joe retained a reversionary interest in the home.1 In Lohia v Lohia, it was established that by virtue of Section 60(3) of the Law of Property Act 1925, a resulting trust will no longer be inferred in the case of a voluntary conveyance.2 A declaration of trust can be created by word of mouth â€Å"or even inferred from conduct.†3 There were no words or conduct on Joe’s part that can be construed to represent an intention on his part to create a trust. The voluntary conveyance of the home will therefore be construed as an absolute gift to Jack which does not form a part of Joe’s estate and likewise Daisy will have no legitimate claim to it. The disposition of the shares in Dotcom plc to Eddie was a bare trust and as such will devolve with Joe’s estate. Eddie assumed the role of trustee and likewise treated Joe as the sole beneficiary of the trust during his lifetime. This is evidenced by Eddie leaving the share certificate with Joe and paying over dividends from the shares to Joe. Moreover, Eddie himself acknowledged that he was merely holding the shares upon trust for Joe. There is no escaping the conclusion that the manner in which the shares in Dotcom were purchased, held and treated was consistent with the requisite three certainties of a trust. These certainties are certainty of subject matter, intention as well as objects. The subject matter is the trust property, intention is words and conduct capable of defining the intent by the donor to create a trust and the objects are the intended beneficiaries.4 The presumption is that Daisy be the sole beneficiary of the shares in her role as heir to Joe’s estate. Joe’s gift to Jack for Emily’s medical problems appears to be a discretionary trust. However, the validity of this kind of discretionary trust can be challenged on the grounds that Joe’s words do not impose upon Jack a legally binding obligation. Rather, the words used most probably impose upon him